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Guidelines to writing a 2nd part

Basic Guidelines:

• Keep in mind the 3 types of movement: contrary, parallel, oblique
• A 2nd part could mimic the motion of the melody (parallel motion).
• Shoot for an accompaniment note a 3rd below the melody (at least in the beginning on standard tunes).
• If a 3rd is not possible, shoot for a 6th (an inverted 3rd).
• Choose harmony notes from the key (mode) of the moment (matching the chord).
• Guide tones (3 and 7) are a good starting point when looking for a moving (opposing line).
• The selection of intervals such as 4ths and 5ths (as opposed to 3rds or 6ths) depends on the context of the tune.
• The 2nd part should move by step rather than leap as much as possible creating a smooth melodic line.
• Fill in between key harmonic moments (guide tones or 3rds) with approach notes of various types (chromatic or diatonic from above or below)
• Use dissonance (1/2 steps or whole steps) sparingly or as part of a moving line (oblique motion-from the dissonance into consonance).
• Generally, try not to leap into or out of a dissonance.
• When one part moves, the other could rest or hold (basic counterpoint).
• Avoid unison or octaves (except for dramatic effect): this results in the waste of a voice.
• Avoid intervals wider than an octave between parts.
• Avoid writing the 2nd part above the melody (the listener will think it is the melody)
• The most interesting 2nd part has a mixture of similarity to (and difference from) the melody.
• One additional option is to disconnect the 2nd part from the melody and link it to the rhythm section (as the lead line for rhythmic hits).
• Listen to the masters!